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cognitive-bias

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Characteristics of System 1: _ generates impressions, feelings, and inclinations; when endorsed by System 2 these become beliefs, attitudes, and intentions _ operates automatically and quickly, with little or no effort, and no sense of voluntary control _ can be programmed by System 2 to mobilize attention when a particular pattern is detected (search) _ executes skilled responses and generates skilled intuitions, after adequate training _ creates a coherent pattern of activated ideas in associative memory _ links a sense of cognitive ease to illusions of truth, pleasant feelings, and reduced vigilance _ distinguishes the surprising from the normal _ infers and invents causes and intentions _ neglects ambiguity and suppresses doubt _ is biased to believe and confirm _ exaggerates emotional consistency (halo effect) _ focuses on existing evidence and ignores absent evidence (WYSIATI)_ generates a limited set of basic assessments _ represents sets by norms and prototypes, does not integrate_ matches intensities across scales (e.g., size to loudness) _ computes more than intended (mental shotgun) _ sometimes substitutes an easier question for a difficult one (heuristics) _ is more sensitive to changes than to states (prospect theory)* _ overweights low probabilities* _ shows diminishing sensitivity to quantity (psychophysics)* _ responds more strongly to losses than to gains (loss aversion)* _ frames decision problems narrowly, in isolation from one another*